Let' begin with the Big Bang,
the beginning of everything,
Beware ...
In the empty space of the universe, something happened.
13.7 billion years ago, from an infinitely small singularity, things burst out, inflated like a violent balloon which created the hottest things that ever happened in the cosmos. And it was the main factor that turned the emptiness Universe into Universe of atoms, stars and planets.
After the event, the BIG BANG, the Universe was incredibly hot and dense. So hot that the first atom we know today that didn't exist. Eventually, the universe cooled down and began to expand while laws were created and lasted until now. Laws were created:
Evidence of the Big Bang:
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As the Universe expanded, it got colder and colder, darker and darker. Astronomers call this part of the Universe’s history the Dark Ages. During the Dark Ages, There was a lot of atoms flowing through space:
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And now interesting part is about to come, about 380,000 years later, after the Big Bang ...
There are some areas in the universe that are just slightly hotter and denser than others which cause gravity became slightly more powerful.
Therefore, it clumped those areas together and formed a cloud of dust and gas - nebula which containing Hydrogen gas. As the nebula clumped together, they got denser and began to clump even further together. Gravity increases, so the whole thing is clumping like a runaway train. And this gets faster and faster and faster. In the center of each of those nebulas:
And something spectacular happens at that temperature:
=> A star has lit up which is going to shine for millions or billions of years ... |
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When the star runs out its fuel ...
When the star runs out of fuel, it collapses itself like a burst balloon and generates such high temperatures that it can fuse hydrogen nuclei and form helium for fuel to stay alive.
When the star has used up its helium, it collapses with high temperature then fuse helium to form carbon the cycle starts over and over again after the star runs out of fuel. It does the same to create other elements like silicon, nitrogen, and eventually iron. If it’s a really, really big star, while it tries to fuse Iron, it will die while a supernova occurs. An explosion that is so hot and so energetic that for a while, it’ll shine an entire galaxy and produce enough heat to form all the other elements of the periodic table. Then it scatters these new elements into space and voila. Therefore, we have a Universe with lots of different elements. |
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After every supernova, neutron stars which are known as a type of stellar remnant resulted from the gravitational collapse of a massive star, are formed.
And about once every 10,000 years, 2 neutron stars collides and generates lots of heat that is able to spew out gold and other heavy elements. More information:
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After the formation of the Sun
The materials in the nebula which were not absorbed into the Sun, swirled around it.
=> The formation of an accretion disk which included dust and gas, held in orbit by the Sun’s gravity. The atoms and molecules of materials in this disk began to stick together or accrete, into larger particles and microscopic grains of dust. By gentle collisions, some grains built up into balls and then into objects a mile in diameter, called planetesimals. These objects were big enough to attract others by gravity. And when impacts were gentle enough, the objects combined and grew. |
![Picture](/uploads/4/0/3/5/40358711/1430477237.png?250)
Worlds collided, combined, and evolved for a dramatic period of time. When it was over, there remained eight stable planets that had swept their orbits clean.
A planet is defined as a body that orbits the Sun, is massive enough for its own gravity to make it spherical, and has cleaned its neighborhood of smaller objects.
One of those eight planets is Earth, where we are living.
A planet is defined as a body that orbits the Sun, is massive enough for its own gravity to make it spherical, and has cleaned its neighborhood of smaller objects.
One of those eight planets is Earth, where we are living.
![Picture](/uploads/4/0/3/5/40358711/1868858.jpg?435)
As the early molten Earth were formed:
- Billions of tons of meteorites that were loaded with precious metals, like gold, bombarded and crashed into it.
- Gradually,the gold-laden meteorites were stirred into the Earth’s mantle by convection and then sank into the core.
But it didn't stop there, when the earth cooled down, the earth’s outer crust apparently caused many cracks and fissures, from which the gasses and super heated steam could escape out of the earth’s molten interior.
The water vapors carried other minerals upward including gold. And while the water vapors pushed the heavier minerals upward towards the earth’s surface through cracks and fissures, they often combined with silica and formed vein-like structures.
Those gold stayed there until a species found it and mined it.
The water vapors carried other minerals upward including gold. And while the water vapors pushed the heavier minerals upward towards the earth’s surface through cracks and fissures, they often combined with silica and formed vein-like structures.
Those gold stayed there until a species found it and mined it.
More interesting video relate to the universe :
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Reference to:
Big History Project Unit 2,3,4
Find out in: https://school.bighistoryproject.com/pages/console/?clientkey=54722